home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- ---- Chapter 4: Using I-APL on the Atari ST -----------------------------------
-
- This chapter explains how to use I-APL on the ST. Sections describe: How to
- start I-APL; how to enter APL characters from the keyboard; the Direct
- Definition facility; certain useful built-in functions; the Screen Editor;
- loading and saving workspaces; and the concept of modules & how to use them,
- including printer drivers.
-
- ---- 4.1 Starting I-APL ------------------------------------------------------
-
- I-APL runs on any ST. It will display the entire APL character set in both
- medium and high resolutions.
-
- To start I-APL, double click on the IAPL.TOS icon. Alternatively, to save
- memory, the IAPL.TOS program can be copied into an AUTO folder, and renamed
- as IAPL.PRG. I-APL will then run automatically when the machine is turned
- on or reset with the disk in drive A. Around 30K of memory is gained using
- this method.
-
- To exit I-APL type ')OFF'.
-
- ---- 4.2 Using the keyboard --------------------------------------------------
-
- To allow entry of the special APL characters, the IAPL.TOS program has an APL
- keyboard mode in which certain keys produce different characters. I-APL
- starts off in this mode, and you can switch to and from the normal keyboard
- layout using the TAB key.
-
- In APL mode, the following keys give their normal characters:
-
- A-Z 0-9 ! ' ( ) * + , - . / : ; < = > ? [ \ ] ^ ~
-
- The shifted letters and other symbols are converted as follows:
-
- {table as in PC/BBC/Arch manual}
-
- Lower case letters can be entered either by switching back to the normal
- keyboard layout using TAB, or by holding Control down whilst entering the
- letters in APL mode.
-
- Some additional APL characters are available by entering ALT + one of the
- digits along the top of the keyboard. The characters produced are as follows:
-
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
- cents high-minus hash delta u-delta o-minus comma-minus lev nor nand
- {replace these with symbols - see help screen bit of paper}
-
- Pressing the HELP key brings up a screen with the APL keyboard layout on it.
- This is useful as a reminder whilst using I-APL. Press HELP again, or any
- other key to return to the normal screen.
-
- Any APL character not available on the keyboard can be entered by holding
- down ALT whilst typing its code as three digits on the keypad (000 to 255).
- The codes can be looked up in the APL character set table; see the appendices.
-
- The Return, Enter and Backspace keys work as normal; Delete can be used to
- remove the character under the cursor. The Escape ('Attention') key is used to
- stop the program or command currently running; if you press it once the program
- will stop at the end of the current line; pressing it twice causes an INTERRUPT
- error to be generated immediately.
-
- The cursor keys are used to control the normal and copy cursors. The copy
- cursor is a second cursor that appears if you try to move the normal cursor up
- or down. Once it has been produced, it can be moved freely round the screen.
- It is used in a similar way to COPY on the BBC micro; HELP acts as the copy
- key, and when it is pressed, the character under the copy cursor appears before
- the normal cursor as if it had been typed in, and both cursors move along one
- character. This makes it very easy to pick up bits of expressions from around
- the screen without typing them in again.
-
- The copy cursor can be produced by pressing Shift-Up or Shift-Down, in which
- case the copy cursor appears at the top or bottom of the screen. Shift-Up and
- Shift-Down are also used to remove the copy cursor once it is active; use
- whichever takes the copy cursor nearer the normal cursor. In addition, the
- copy cursor disappears if it meets the normal cursor, or if Return is pressed.
-
- As well as Up, Down, Left and Right, there are two additional keys to control
- the cursor. These are Insert and Clr/Home. They have the effect of moving the
- cursor to the beginning and end of the line respectively. They affect the copy
- cursor if it is active, or otherwise the normal cursor.
-
- The left and right keys are used with shift held down to delete to the start
- or end of the line - this works the same whether or not the copy cursor is
- present. The UNDO key has a special purpose when graphics are being used;
- it displays the graphics screen if the command screen is active, and vice
- versa. Use it to swap between the two screens.
-
- On the numeric keypad, some of the keys have been changed to allow lists of
- numbers to be more easily entered. The minus key now produces the high-minus;
- the plus key produces a space (normally used between numbers in a list); and
- the asterisk acts the same as the Backspace key.
-
- The function keys have been set up with some of the most useful APL commands;
- see the HELP screen (press HELP). This allows many common operations to be
- performed in one or two keypresses. Some of the commands require shift to be
- held down; Shift-F1 and Shift-F2 are special in that they define useful
- functions - see later for an explanation.
-
- Whilst displaying large arrays, it is often useful to pause the scrolling of
- the display; hold down one of the SHIFT keys to do this.
-
- ---- 4.3 Direct definition facility ------------------------------------------
-
- { as in PC manual }
-
- ---- 4.4 Useful functions: changing to other directories --------------------
-
- There are two groups of useful functions built in to the ST version of I-APL.
- These functions are not available in the same way as the )-commands, but appear
- as normal functions. The are defined by using Shift-F1 and Shift-F2. The
- first of these provides three functions to make it possible to move from one
- directory to another.
-
- Press Shift-F1. Three functions will be defined - CD, PWD and DIR - which are
- now available for use. PWD is used to display the current directory. This is
- the directory in which all workspaces and files are saved, and from which they
- are loaded. The current directory is initially the directory from which the
- IAPL.TOS program was run, /def1 /def2 / /)ERASE/ /)SI / /)PCOPY/ /)WSID / /)<CR> /ED '' /)FNS /)VARS /¨CR ''/)SINL /)LIB /)COPY /)LOAD /)SAVE / /______/______/______/______/______/______/______/______/______/______/ .---.---------------------------------------.---. .----.------. .--.--.--.--. ∞Esc∞ ò! Õ© #û α¡ ijã ²º ³† ê* ª( ¿) ó + ó∞ BS∞ ∞Copy∞Switch∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = Õ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞screen∞ ∞( ∞) ∞/ ∞BS∞ ∞---'.------------------------------------.-'.--∞ ∞---.'--.---∞ ∞--+--+--+--∞ ∞ KB ∞ » ¯ õ ¶ ñ ץ ף ø ⌐ ™ Œ Ø∞ ∞DL∞ ∞ ∞ººº∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞mode∞ Q W E R T Y U I O P [ ] ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞óó ∞ ñ ∞ úú∞ ∞7 ∞8 ∞9 ∞Õ ∞ ∞----'.---------------------------------.-' ∞--∞ ∞---+---+---∞ ∞--+--+--+--∞ ∞lower∞ á ¬ « ¼ ⁿ ∧ œ í ½ : ú∞ ∞ ~∞ ∞óDL∞ÑÑÑ∞DLú∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ case∞ A S D F G H J K L ; ' ∞ ∞¨ ∞ ∞ ó ∞ í ∞ ú ∞ ∞4 ∞5 ∞6 ∞SP∞ ∞---.-'-------------------------------.-'-.--'--' '---'---'---' ∞--+--+--+--∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ à À √ Ñ ® § ´ < > ?∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ \ Z X C V B N M , . / ∞ ∞ ∞1 ∞2 ∞3 ∞ ∞ '---+---.----------------------------.'--.' UK keyboard ∞-----+--∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ layout ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ 0 ∞. ∞ ∞ '---'----------------------------'---' '-----'--'--' BS= Backspace, DL= Delete, SP= Space; Use ALT to get extra symbols on 0-9; KB mode - switches APL keyboard layout On/Off; Switch screen switches to/from graphics screen; enter other APL chars using ALT+ 3 Keypad digits, 000 to 255